I’m excited to be back after my long service leave. Thank you to Karen Gorrie, Nicole Devlin, Tom McCormick and Louise Brown who all stepped up into the ‘next level role’ while I was on leave.
Earlier this year, we saw the release of a new study by renowned Professor of Psychology at San Diego State University, Jean Twenge, which confirmed her earlier research findings that rates of serious psychological distress and major depression have risen significantly in American teens and young adults between 2005 and 2017. Although this study is based on US data, there are parallels to the Australian experience.
Twenge and her colleagues used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally representative survey of over 600,000 American adolescents and adults. Overall, they found that adolescents and young adults experienced higher rates of serious psychological distress, depression and suicide in the late 2010s than in the 2000s. In girls aged 12-17 the rate increased from 13.1% to 19.9% (one in five). Nearly all these increases occurred after 2010.
Twenge and her colleagues' research suggests that the largest increases in mood disorder outcomes occurred among higher socioeconomic status white women and girls. Although the cause of the reported trends is unknown, previous studies show that individuals who spend more time on social media report lower wellbeing and are more likely to be depressed, while general internet use and involvement in cyberbullying (as victim or perpetrator) are linked to depression, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Jean Twenge also notes in her contribution to the World Happiness Report 2019 that studies show that internet and social media users may feel that “their lives are inferior compared with the glamourous ‘highlight reels’ of other’s social media pages”, while those who limit or cease digital media use improve their wellbeing.
In the World Happiness Report 2019, Jean Twenge concludes that the large amount of time adolescents spend on digital devices is either directly linked to unhappiness and/or that it displaces time spent on activities proven to increase happiness, including sleep, sport and exercise, face-to-face social interaction, volunteer work, going to the movies, keeping up with news and current affairs, and attending religious services. In fact, the Monitoring the Future survey for 2013-2016 found that all activities correlated with general happiness in American 8th and 10th graders are non-phone activities, while all activities carried out on phones, including listening to music, using the internet, computer games, social media, texting, video chats and phone calls were negatively correlated with happiness.
References:
Twenge, J., Cooper, A., Joiner, T., Duffy, M. & Binau, S. (2019, March 14). Age, period, and cohort trends in mood disorder indicators and suicide-related outcomes in a nationally representative dataset, 2005-2017. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1037/abn0000410
Twenge, J. (2019). The sad state of happiness in the United States and the role of digital media. In J. F. Hellliwell, R. Layard & J. D. Sachs (Eds), World Happiness Report 2019 (pp. 87-96). Retrieved from: https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2019/
Ros Curtis